American Literature in the Period between 1914-1945

Many writers of the period 1914-1945, changed and shaped the American literary landscape by the country’s changing of the manufacturing industries, advancement in technologies and the uprooting of many citizens. This era became committed to steering America back to a prewar way of life. Writers were associated with high modernism, objectivist and confessional movement that emerged post World War II. There was a major change socially, politically and culturally emerging multicultural perspectives. The United States had many changes from World War I and II, the stock market crashing in the 1920’s, therefore leading to economic depression. This became an inspiration to many of the literary writers. Many writers such as Robert Frost Susan Glaspell and William Carlos Williams began to celebrate the modern developments while many others lamented on them, or they began to believe that many old literary forms would not be able to work for these new times and were so inspired by the endless possibilities of creating something that would be entirely new. As a movement, modernism had involved many new art forms and media, which included sculpture, painting, dance, and music, and also literature. The American literary of the 1914’s-1945 modern era became a reflection of a nation attempting to come to terms of what it really meant to be of modernity. First, there was a time period when America was prosperous with the growing new innovations that shaped America to today’s foundation.Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Cultural and Historical Situations on American Literature 1173 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Brattoli †American literature is almost always tied to historical and social events of the era in which it was written.† There is a connection between literary works from different time periods. This connection is how history, current events and social events have impacted American Literature. Literary works and writing styles have been affected and influence by the world around us. This is seen in many of the works assigned forRead MoreThe Influence of History on American Literature Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesbe After the Fact†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is how Stephan Crane introduced his harrowing story, â€Å"The Open Boat,† but this statement also shows that history influences American Literature. Throughout history, there has been a connection among literary works from different periods. The connection is that History, current events, and social events have influenced American Literature. Authors, their literary works, and the specific writing styles; are affected and influenced by the world around them. Authors have long used experiencesRead More World War I and The Literary Transition Into Moder nism Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesconflict would alter world views for years to come, especially as recorded in the post-war literature. This cultural report will briefly discuss the historical circumstances of the war, its violent resolution, and the effects of its horror as felt in the literary world, specifically through modernism and Edith Wharton’s novel The Age of Innocence. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914 by a Serbian caused an international dispute when Serbia refused to hand over the assassinRead MoreThe Lost Generation Analysis1251 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1 â€Å"American Literature and Fiction of the Lost Generation (1900-1929)† The â€Å"Lost Generation†, in the field of literature, refers to a group of, American writers who, came of age, while the country was in the throes of WW1. The term was coined by Gertrude Stein and popularized by, Ernest Hemingway, (Figure 1) and is meant to refer to the fact that the values it inherited, held little relevance in the postwar world, (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica). Figure 1 Ernest Hemingway shown at hisRead MoreEssay on The Sacred Wood and Began the Waste Land by T.S. Eliot626 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1906–10, undergraduate at Harvard. He discovered the Symbolists and Lafarge. He was in editor of the Harvard Advocate, a literary magazine. In 1911-14 he was in graduate student in philosophy at Harvard. In 1914 he settled in England where his poems came to the attention of the American poet Ezra Portland. He studied at the University of Marbury, Germany, cut off by war. He resided at Merton College, Oxford. He published in poetry in Chicago. A blast in England in 1915. In 1917, He was in EmployeeRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermonsRead MoreThe Antebellum South Thrived In Chivalry, Manners, And1856 Words   |  8 Pagesslave plantation, sun-tea, and gentle exchanges on the street were not uncommon sights during this time. Old-money and the disturbing thought of new money stitched in the pillows that sat on couches for luncheons. Too often, the people living in this period were so engrossed in creating a fake identity of perfection; they ultimately lost sight of who they were inside. To unveil the evils of the practice, many authors such as William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams, Flannery O’Connor and Jean Toomer allRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagescould not profit off of his works because of the unfavorable copyright laws. In 1845 Poe published his most famous poem The Raven which was extremely successful (Introduction). He also became the sole owner of The Broadway Journal by October of 1945, but the magazine was already having financial difficulties and on January 3, 1846 the magazine quit publication. He then moved his family to Fordham, New York where Virginia died of tuberculosis. Poe was engaged to Sarah Helen Whitman but sheRead MoreThe s Mini Research Paper Essay1859 Words   |  8 Pages Santa Iglesia Advanced English 1, Per. 7 14 November 2016 OMS Mini Research Paper The word man has a very simple definition: an adult male (â€Å"The Definition†). However, there are many symbols and meanings being it. A Native American picture known as â€Å"Man in a Maze,† originally called I itoi, depicts a man standing at the entrance of a maze. At the center is the man’s dreams where God greets him and passes him into the next world. The center is not easy to reach, for there are many twists andRead MoreWorld War I And The Era Of The Twentieth Century Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesform of nationalism. Italian nationalism became apparent in World War I and the era of Italian fascism. Growing nationalism in China was used to modernize imperialist encroachment. Imperial Japan saw a spark of nationalism during their westernization period. Arab Nationalism became the basis for alienation and loss of national identity for many  indigenous  Jews and other minorities  of Arab countries. As you can see, nationalism impacted every area of the world. The essence of nationalism is a unifying

Describe the Type of Business, Its Purpose and Ownership Free Essays

Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses. I will be speaking about two organisations the first organisation I have decided to discuss is ASDA and I will follow it of by McDonald’s as the second organisation. Asda is a Public company and is a British supermarket chain which supplies various services to the customers such as: Clothing, Food, and General Merchandise etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Type of Business, Its Purpose and Ownership or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has become a multi-national store leading of its subsidiary of Wal-Mart which is American based. It is quite a large business and has approx 231+ superstores within the UK, and the number of store openings is still arising. The purpose of ASDA is to sell its services and goods to the local consumers of different areas/cities within the UK and also out of the UK. It offers a wide range of services to its customers, supplying goods such as: clothing and food it is a quite a commonly known organisation. Asda is concerned in attracting the budget market as any other business would look into the same type of aim, as a business it is achieving massively in result to the number of stores and the investment into Netto which was brought by Asda in 2010. The ownership of Asda is a PLC (Public Limited Company) this is because its shares can be brought on the share market making it a PLC. The purpose of Asda is that they exist to gain profit, the openings of more stores is to gain sales and so that more customers come into their business etc. As my second organisation I have decided to discuss about McDonalds, it is the world’s largest chain of fast food restaurant. The business began in 1940 the Headquarters are based in the United States and the corporation was founded by a businessman. In 2003 the company had launched the â€Å"I’m Lovin It† campaign. The purpose of the business is to serve its customers with the excellent quality of food that they provide. It is a worldwide company and has over 33,000 stores in approx 118 different countries, and serves about 64 million daily. The number of worldwide employees for McDonalds is 1. 7 million, and the chief executive director for McDonald’s is Jim Skinner. How to cite Describe the Type of Business, Its Purpose and Ownership, Papers

Carole Satymurtis Essay Example For Students

Carole Satymurtis Essay Carole Satyamurti , a poet and sociologist cleverly weaved the plight of ordinary women in I Shall Paint my Nails Red : women who are seen as a mere background of the society- neglected and lost in the mundane of her existence . While it is easy to discern that I Shall Paint my Nails is nothing but the showcasing of a womans vanity seeking attention, a closer look at the poem would reveal a deeper and multi-layered analysis of women. In essence, Carole Satyamurtis I Shall Paint my Nails Red was able to show the different roles and interpretations of women of herself, to her daughter , to her lover , the society and to life- that painting her nails red symbolizes a departure from her customary role in to show an intelligent , interesting and valuable person capable of so much more than her ordinary routines . It is a declaration of a womans importance We will write a custom essay on Carole Satymurtis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The color red is interpreted in poetry as a figure of speech for passion , anger and strong emotions . In this light, Satyamurti used this color to depict a seemingly humorous and trivial poem into one that speaks of a womans importance. In the first line because a bit of color is a public service (line 1 Satyamurti departs from the convention that public service is about service , the economy and production . Essentially, the poem recognizes that it is not only men who are components of production and economics that can perform public service but also women who provide not only entertainment but beauty and compassion . This is affirmed in her second line when Satyamurti declared that because i am proud of my hands (line 2 connoting that her hands that are used to do household chores are also important . By painting it red , Satyamurti calls attention to the role of women in the society and in the family- that while they are not being paid for work they do every day of their lives , it should not be neglected . Thus, being proud of one s hands and putting a red paint on it declares that the woman is aware of her economic and sociological role and significance On the other hand , the third and fourth lines of the poem points to the theme of strength and empowerment in women . In the line because it will remind me I m a woman (line 3 and because I will look like a survivor the woman is declaring that being a woman means being brave and strong . Thus, by re-affirming her gender identity , the person in the poem is also recognizing that women in general possess strength of characters . Furthermore , because the color red symbolizes intense emotions , it evokes attention thereby , reminding us that women are not ordinary Carole Satymurtis I Shall Paint my Nails Red is a wonderful poem which I found myself closely relating to. I feel that in this poem she reflects many sides of a womans life. It may be understood to have two separate messages, the direct and the hidden message. Satymurti does this through showing both the complexity of a womans life, and the simplicity that also exists within.  At first glance, I Shall Paint My Nails Red gives a more obvious and direct amusing message in which she states different reasons why she would paint her nails red. Each line puts the reader in a different situation which may even be applied to our own daily lives. Satymurti does this by using every day examples and using them to suggest often absurd reasons for her to paint her nails red, adding a bit of comedy throughout the poem. Underlying each idea, however, Satymurti implies a deeper message about women and the many roles that they play in society, and the way that they view themselves. .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .postImageUrl , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:hover , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:visited , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:active { border:0!important; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:active , .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d866fd56c3af3f323e56fa0dc0441fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Society in general EssayThe first idea Satymurti suggests in the poem is, Because a bit of colour is public service. Here, she is implying that in painting her nails red she is in fact doing others a favor. This line makes me think of a woman loading her groceries onto the cash register before paying, showing off her bright red nails and provoking a smile on the cashiers face. She seems to believe that anywhere she were to go with these red nails, the world would see them and appreciate them. Underlying this main idea however, I feel that Satymurti is trying to portray the fact that women are constantly fulfilling others needs. As mothers, wives, lovers, and even working w omen in society, women often feel that we must make everyone around us happy. The following line states, Because I am proud of my hands. This idea suggests that she feels she is beautiful and is proud to show that off. However, the line may also mean that she is tough and is proud of her own hard work, as hands are often related to manual labor and work. Although not so common at the time the poem was written, today this woman may be portrayed as even a single mother (As she later talks about a daughter, and even a lover, but no husband) trying hard to take care of her family, working to raise them and provide for them. Despite her hard work, this woman is still woman and lacks the rough hands of a man. She paints her nails like every other woman, and is proud of her hands for all the work they have accomplished her. The line that follows, Because it will remind me Im a woman refers back to the line preceding it. Here one may first simply think that by looking down at her hands and nails she will, again, feel beautiful and feel and remember that she is a woman. Looking past that simple first glance, this line goes back to a womans hard work and the tasks that she must accomplish every day with her responsibilities. In all the everyday stress, a woman often forgets that she is also beautiful and that she is a woman. Despite all her hard work, she is still delicate and most importantly, she must still take care of herself.

Presidetial Election 2000 Essays - Al Gore, , Term Papers

Presidetial Election 2000 The two main candidates for the election of 2000 are George W. Bush and Al Gore. Al Gore, of course, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the whole politics game. But, know that I am 18 years old I feel I should start paying more attention to political issues. I don't know if I am going to vote this year, and if I did I don't know who I would vote for. I really don't know much about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we all know how most people feel about Clinton. In order for me to make a judgment on who I am going to vote for I would like to know where each canditate satnds on different political issues. Some of the issues I will be covering are abortion, crime, drugs, education, environment, and gun control. These are the issues I am most interested in, and I would like a president who agrees with me on a good portion of these issues. To start off, I am going to state where I stand on each of the isssues. I then will sate where each presidential canditate stands on each issue. The first topic I would like to discuss is abortion. Abortion is kind of a big thing to me. I am one of those who is against abortion. I feel abortion is kind of like murder. I know it is easy for me to say that abortion is wrong, because I have never gotten a girl pregnant before. I understand that some tees make mistakes and want to correct those mistakes. But, I feel more people should stand up for their mistakes and take some action. Instead of having the baby aborted, the parents should put the child up for adoption. What if that kid was going to come up with a cure for cancer? I bet the parents would not want o abort the child then. Abortion is one area I agree with Bush. Bush wants to cut down the amount of abortions given out the whole year. Bush also wants to turn the choice of having abortions over to the state. Gore, on the other hand, wants to leave the choice in the woman's hand. He feels it is up to her to decide whether or not to have an abortion. Gore also wants medicare to pay for abortions. I feel that it is totally wrong for the government to support the murder of an unborn child. I have to say that I am a little disappointed that neither canditate is taking a direct stand against abortion. Although I agree with Bush more than Gore I feel both candidates are trying to steer around the abortion topic. The next issue I would like to discuss is crime. As we all know crime is a big problem in our country. I am in favor of adding more funding to increase police officers pay and to increase the overall bettering of policing across the country. I feel police officers are extremely under paid for the jobs that they do. Crime is one issue I agree with Gore on. Gore wants to intensify the fight against crime. He wants to add 50000 more police to the streets in the next 10 years. Bush on the other hand didn't have too much in speaking out against crimes. Both candidates support having the death penalty. But, only Gore states that he wants to have the death penalty for the killing of a federal officer. I like that idea because it shows that Gore is going to protect his own. The next issue I am going to discuss ties in with the previous issue of crime, drugs. Drugs are a huge problem right now in our society. Almost everyone I know has done a drug at some point in their lives. I know growing up in Chicago I came across a lot of people with a drug problem. But, it is not only in the city where drug use occurs. It happens in the suburbs, the farms, and everywhere else. The fight against drugs is an area I feel

Rinehart reading essays

Rinehart reading essays I realized that this was a satire, when he started talking about how people should eat the babies. I have read this essay before, which made it a little easier for me. You can tell that it is a satire by the way that he writes it. He begins the essay by describing what the problem is and, explaining that something needs to be done to fix the problems. For instance, he talks about how he gets sad when he sees little children walking around in dirty clothes with hole in them or that are old. He says that they are just going to grow up to be thieves and criminals because they never knew any better. They dont have a good life, so why let them live. He then proposes his idea, which is breeding just so that people can eat the children at the age of one. Fatten them up really well, and then sell them to peole for food. He explains that they will never go out of season like certain fruites and vegetables, and also some meats. They will feed many people, multiple times, therefore ra ther than raising them as poor children, just kill them after a year and et them. He says that there should only be one male to ever four females, simply to breed and have children to then sell or eat. I think swift is arguing that some people may think he is being irrational, but that it would be the best solution to everyones problems. Like I said before, it would prevent children from having to grow up poor or hungry, and it would keep them off of the streets, and from turning into a criminal. He is trying to make it seem as though it could some how be socially acceptable. I dont think that he is really trying to argue anything else, but that he is just trying to get people to believe him. Swift does a very good job with working with the pros and cons in his essay. He starts out by trying to look sympathetic to the children. Saying that he gets sad when he sees them poor, or hungry. He t ...

3 Types of Skin Cancer

3 Types of Skin Cancer There are three types of skin cancer, melanoma is the most dangerous. Although it is rarer than the other two, melanoma is the most likely to propagate and can lead to death. As with all cancers of the skin, sun exposure is the main cause of the disease. In the United States there are more than 62,000 cases of melanoma diagnosed each year. Outside of these cases, 7,900 people will die of the disease. Learn the facts related to Skin Cancer and its sources, signs, and cures. Causes melanoma is the worst kind of skin cancer. Not only can affect areas of the skin, which is capable of spreading to other organs in the body, as well as the bones. The root cause of melanoma is, basically, be exposed to too much sun. The normal skin cells become abnormal, grow quickly, and then attack the tissues that surround them. People who have a history of melanoma in their families are at greater risk of developing the disease. If the people in your family have a history of many moles, this can also make you more prone to a melanoma. Although moles themselves do not cause melanoma, taking a multitude of them may be a sign that the melanoma in their family. Symptoms Begin in the basic sign of melanoma is the change in size or shape of a mole or birthmark that you already have. Although melanoma can grow within a mole or birthmark that already exists, usually appear on the skin without mark. Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, but most often found on the legs of a woman and the top of the backs of men. An existing mole may show signs of melanoma by thickening when originally was flat. The surface of the mole can become flaky and crispy, or may ooze and bleed. The skin that surrounds the mole may emit a burning sensation and redness, swelling and itching. It is not unlikely that the affected area to have skin that breaks into smaller pieces. As the melanoma develops in the later stages and worst, the affected area can be broken and bleeding occurs, as well as pain. When the melanoma has entered the stage of metastases, the lymph nodes in the armpits or groin may swell. You can also have a package colorless that appears below the skin. Other symptoms of this stage are the weight loss that cannot be explained, aging of the skin, chronic cough and headaches. Diagnosis It isvery important to seek medical attention immediately if you notice a change in a mole or develops a suspicious-looking area on your skin. Early finding and treatment is important when it comes to melanoma. If your doctor suspects you might have melanoma, a biopsy will be taken from the suspected area and is sent to a pathologist for examination. If melanoma is greater than 1 mm of thickness, the lymph nodes will be revised ​ ​to see if the cancer has spread there. A lymph node biopsy may be done if you suspect that have been extended to the lymphatic system. Another test to see if the melanoma has spread to this system is a biopsy of sentinel lymph node. If you think that the cancer has spread to other areas of the body, the imaging tests can be performed. These tests include a PET scan, CT scan or an MRI. This type of evidence will be able to determine if the cancer has spread to areas such as the lungs and or other organs. TREATMENT Treatment of melanoma depends on what stage of the disease is in. There are five phases of melanoma, each nasty than the other. In stage 0, the melanoma has affected only the outer layer of the skin. At this stage, it is possible to eliminate the cancer, by surgical removal of the affected area of the skin. In stage 1, the area of the melanoma is a little larger than in stage 0, but the most likely can be treated in the same way. In stage II melanoma, the cancer has grown larger than 1 mm of thickness, but may still have not spread to the lymph nodes. If this is the case, surgery is the common treatment. You can also go through a biopsy of the lymph joints and you will be given a drug called interferon. In third phase of melanoma, the cancer has blowout to the lymph nodes and has become more serious. The treatment is going to call for surgical removal of the tumor, as well as all the lymph joints in the surrounding area. The person so he started on interferon, also known as immunotherapy. The interferon kills the cancer cells while the stimulation of the immune system of the body. The stage IV melanoma is the worst case of this disease. Actions may contain radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. From stage IV melanoma is cancer that has spread throughout the body, the treatment is not curing the disease, but rather help the patient to manage the symptoms of the same. Prevention / Solution The best way to prevent any type of skin cancer, as well as melanoma, is to stay out of the suns damaging rays. For most, this is not totally possible. Outdoors in the sunlight, be smart. The suns rays are most harmful between 10 a.m. to 16:00 try limiting your exposure during these hours. Use a sunscreen that is at least an SPF 15 whenever you go outside. Be sure to wear protective clothing when outside as long-sleeved shirts, hats, sunglasses and long pants. If possible, avoid sunbathing all organized, as well as bronzingbooths. Check your body regularly to detect signs of changes in moles or other differences in areas of the skin. Above all, if you notice a change in one area of your skin, seek medical advice as soon as possible.

Impact of a Risk Premium on the Empirical Testing of FOREX Essay

Impact of a Risk Premium on the Empirical Testing of FOREX - Essay Example In line with this, the empirical tests test for the availability of atypical or risk –accustomed earning opportunities. However, in the case of ambiguity and uncertain venture such as spot and forward (JACQUE, 2014) speculation, it is complex to interpret the empirical tests relative to the market efficiency. The fundamental model applied in testing marketing efficiency is the joint hypothesis, which means that two hypotheses are tested at the same time. In such cases, when the risk premium is in existence it creates an impact which shifts the equilibrium return on currency trading toward a high point. This implies that, the profits attributed to the currency trading do not show market inefficiency if these returns are fewer than the suitable risk premium (ULLRICH, 2009). This impact can be explained by an example of a corporation, which hedges, and in return, its financial experience to the currency risk reduces. This implies that, in the absence of a risk premium, the firm d oes not sacrifice any return in the process of risk reduction. If the corporation faces high cost of financial misery, then this nature of reduced volatility will benefit its operations (RECORD, 2003). This implies that the effect of risk premium on a firm is immensely attributed to the hedging of a corporation when the risk premium exists. In addition, the risk premium on empirical testing invokes significance and negative relationship with the expected future spot rate. In addition, the premium risk offers a more explanatory note relative.

Direct Manipulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct Manipulation - Research Paper Example This gives an all the more intriguing feel to the human-computer interaction. The usage of this interface is more common in the video game development field. Most Direct Manipulation interfaces are of graphical concepts and could be now and again is alluded to as Graphical User Interface (GUI). This is on account of its use of on-screen graphical representation of actions (Heeter, 1991). Direct Manipulation interface is commenced upon a significant arrangement of standards. Quintessentially, these are the ideological demonstrations of existence of a Direct Manipulation interface. These rules or principles are as follows. The concept of realism: Firstly, the instruments in the computer are visually inseparable and indistinguishable from the real life objects they are being used to depict. For example, this is applied by having a knife in video games represente a real knife in all aspects. a helicopter in video is similar to a real world helicopter in all aspects. Moreover, actions performed on the objects in game are similar to those that would be or could be performed on similar objects in actual life. To further explain, illustrations form video games shall be drawn to exemplify this; a mobile phone in the game serves the same purpose that which it serves in real world which is to enable communication, an armored carrying vehicle serves the same purpose as its purpose in real world which is it sole purpose being of military use. Furthermore, the association between the in-game objects and actions performed on them and the objects in real world and actions performed on them is maintained even on con ceptual level. This, for example is illustrated by the fact that in video games, a motorbike will be driven as it is driven normally in the real world. There are examples of programmers going to painstaking measures in order to depict the real world phenomena such as aurora, water reflection and fire

Intercultural communication issue Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication issue Essay Intercultural Communication Issue: Electronic Mail Meanings reside in people, not in words (Littlejohn, 2001, 39). This basic precept of language can be deemed a positive axiom for successful communication. Whenever possible, both parties should seek a common code and/or attempt to understand cultural differences in coding systems. Admittedly, it is difficult to arrive at a common code if a person and his communication partner speak different languages. The English language contains countless subcodes. Even nonverbal cues shift from culture to culture. Much like in the case of this electronic message sent by a hypothetical boss to a representative of a department flocked with Hongkong-based Chinese nationals: I wanted to welcome you ASAP to our little family here in the States. Its high time we shook hands in person and not just across the sea. Im pleased as punch about getting to know you all, and I for one will do my level best to sell you on America. The statement above is a blend of American vernacular and idiomatic expression. It appears to be a simple salutatory message that turns embedded in unnecessary verbosity. This communication style takes risks in seeking suitable interpretation on the part of the message recipients. The words or phrases ASAP, across the sea, punch, and sell for Americans are easy to understand and can even cause no outstanding remarks from them. But to use these words in a message meant for relatively new employees with a relatively different linguistic background, startling and even violent reactions might be elicited. In fairness to Hongkongers, they are officially bilingual between Chinese and English. After the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the Peoples Republic of China in 1997, both Chinese and English remained the official language of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. English is the major working language in Hong Kong, and is widely used in commercial activities and legal matters (Flores, et al. , 1991, 246). However, this gift of bilingualism may likewise yield confusion, as British idioms are different from Americans’. Moreover, code-switching between Cantonese and English may not help them fathom best the message above. Some purist scholars consider Cantonese speakers who incorporate too much English are even dubbed language-handicapped (Flores, et al. , 1991, 245). And because the message was delivered through a virtual channel, the importance of nonverbal aspect of the communication is overlooked. This could have done the job of exhibiting the context most especially should the weight of the message comes to such portions as punch or sell you. The boss should have noted that communication is defined more by behavior than the communication event itself (Kale and Luke, 1991, 7). Nonverbal behaviors also shift from culture to culture and bilingualism may provide little help if the communicators had not developed code sensitivity toward the culture-specific message systems. With simplicity, neutrality and cordiality in mind, Hence, the message to be conveyed to the migrant employees should more or less look like this: â€Å"Good day! We welcome you once again to Will and Hung Company! May you find your new home over here in the United States as we are as earnest to make this company a place for you to work with satisfaction. † From this takes off a working atmosphere that encourages these new people to feed back in order for them to adjust their behavior to the relatively new environment. The boss must indeed shake their hands in person because it is indeed high time to use nonverbal actions as a way of inspiring them to respond to him in all honesty. He must think for a moment of all the positive attitudes and images he associates with smiling, head nodding, leaning forward, and laughing. ough these behaviors seem very Western, they often produce positive reactions in other cultures. Furthermore, interesting research findings suggest that communication changes encroach on how people relate to one another in organizations. Computer-mediated communications differ from face-to-face and telephone interactions in three important respects: there is a greater sense of anonymity; there is creation of new groups; and there is also susceptibility to computer addiction (Sullivan, 2003). Many executives become less social and less available for face-to-face conversations (Braun, 2002). Adjustment efforts must also manifest on the part of the host culture. Because much of the world speaks English, many of Americans have a tendency to assume we need not learn a foreign language. The very fact that others have made an attempt to learn our language should motivate us to reciprocate. There is more to language than vocabulary, syntax, and dialects. Language is more than a vehicle of communication; it teaches one a culture’s lifestyle, ways of thinking, and different patterns of interacting. References Braun, Patrice. (2002). â€Å"Digital Knowledge Networks: Linking Communities of Practice with Innovation.† Journal of Business Strategies. Flores, B. , Cousin, P. T. Diaz, E. (1991). Transforming Deficit Myths About Learning, Language, And Culture. Language Arts (pp. 245-246). Littlejohn, Stephen W. (2001). â€Å"Theories of Signs and Language. † Theories of Human Communication (p. 39). Wadsworth Publishing. Kale, J. Luke, A. (1991). Doing Things With Words: Early Language Socialization. The Literacy Agenda: Issues for the Nineties (p. 7). Victoria: Eleanor Curtain. Sullivan, Daniel. (2003). â€Å"International Business: An Emerging Vision. † Journal of International Business Studies.

Isaac Asimov :: essays research papers

Isaac Asimov is a very talented writer. Isaac focuses on the intensity of his novels and short stories. Suspense is one of the things he focuses on when writing short stories such as "Marooned off Vesta." "Marooned off Vesta is a story of triumph and intelligence. This story shows what can happen if you put your mind to it"(Corke). 	Isaac Asimov, of Jewish descent, was born in Petrovichi, U.S.S.R. on January 2, 1920. His parents were Judah and Anna Rachel Asimov. Isaac also had a brother named Stanley and a sister named Marcia. In 1923 the Asimovs left the Soviet Union and immigrated to the States. Getting over seas was not as easy as it is today. The Asimovs had to endure a horrible boat ride with horrible food, seasickness, and the anxiety of what the future had in store for them. They made their home in Brooklyn, New York where they opened a candy store (Erlanger 9). When he was nine years of age, after school he worked in his parent's candy store. It was then that began reading science fiction magazines. He had to struggle to read these magazines because his father would not permit him to read "such junk"(Erlanger 9). " Isaac you should be reading books with more value," his father told him (wilson). Sooner or later his father gave in and told him not to forget his library books ( Erlanger 11). However, this reading material was the only thing that his dad would let him touch on the magazine rack. 	Young Isaac was a brilliant student. He went through school more quickly than other students. But there was one thing holding him back which was him being a class clown. He was frequently in trouble for talking in class (Erlanger 16). The person he could really identify with was his friend, "Solly," Solomon Frisch. Solly made up stories mostly every day off the top of his head for Isaac. This was when Isaac learned that stories do not have to come from magazines or books, they can come from a person. Unfortunately when Solly and Isaac were both seven, they parted as a result of both families moving. The Asimovs moved on Essex street near Judah's new candy store. As the years went on and he graduated Boys High School in 1935, he applied to Columbia University and took on Chemistry as a major (Erlanger 18).

Geology Study Guide Essay

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology?|1)| A)physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past B)physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past C)historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface D)none of the above – physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same 2)|________ was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings|2)| |on natural philosophy and on the workings of Earth.|||| |A) Pappagapolis|B) Aristotle|C) Nero|D) Odysseus|| 3)|Compared to the age of Earth accepted as correct today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents|3)| |of catastrophism envision the Earth’s age?|||| A) They believed it to be about the same as current estimates, give or take a few million years. B)They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates C)They believed Earth to be much older than current estimates D)None of the above — they didn’t really address the age of Earth 4) Which one of the following observations and inferences is consistent with the idea of|4)| uniformitarianism?|| A) lava flows on the seafloor precipitated from seawater B)sand rolling along a stream bottom shows that sediment is moving downstream C)erupting volcanoes overlie burning, subterranean, coal beds D)all of the above 5)|________ was an important 18th century English geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism.|5)| |A) Isaac Newton|B) James Hutton|C) Charles Lyell|D) James Ussher|| 6)|The currently accepted age of Earth is ________ years.|||6)| |A) 4.6 billion|B) 6.4 million|C) 6.4 trillion|D) 4.6 thousand|| 7)|Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?|7)| A) older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale B)any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers C)strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils D)older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata 8)|The ________ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic eon.|8)| |A) Paleozoic|B) Permian|C) Proterozoic|D) Paleocene|| 9)|The ________ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.||9)| |A) asthenosphere|B) eosphere|C) astrosphere|D) lithosphere|| 1 10)|A ________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific|10)| |observations.||||| |A) generalization|B) law|C) hypothesis|D) theory|| 11)|All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for ________.|11)| A) the development of one or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts B)development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses C)assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation D)the collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement 12)|________ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.||12)| |A) Indigenous|B) Primary|C) Igneous|D) Sedimentary|| 13)|________ rocks always originate at the surface of the solid Earth.||13)| |A) Secondary|B) Sedimentary|C) Metamorphic|D) Igneous|| 14)|During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, direct observations showed that a glacier|14)| |in Switzerland flowed forward in the downhill direction while its snout (terminus) was retreating|| |higher up the valley? Which of the following explains these observations in a rational, scientific|| |way?||||| A) cooler temperatures meant slower forward glacier flow resulting in snout retreat B)the glacial hypothesis was finally accepted as a scientific theory C)the melting rate of ice in the glacier exceeded the rate at which new snow and ice were added to the glacier D)rocky debris in the valley downhill from the snout was deposited by Noah’s flood 15)|In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units?||15)| |A) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere|B) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust|| |C) inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere|D) core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust|| 16)|The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.||16)| |A) biosphere|B) atmosphere|C) hydrosphere|D) asthenosphere|| 17)|A ________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves|17)| |the system.||||| |A) equilibrated|B) feedback|C) closed|D) open|| 18)|________ is often paraphrased as â€Å"the present is the key to the past.†||18)| |A) Aristotelian logic||B) Biblical prophecy||| |C) Catastrophism||D) Uniformitarianism||| 19)|________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and early 18th centuries, was based on a firm|19)| |belief in a very short geologic history for Earth.|||| |A) Exoschism||B) Uniformitarianism||| |C) Ecospherism||D) Catastrophism||| 20)|The ________ proposes that the bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from|20)| |a rotating cloud of gases and dust.|||| |A) Big Band theory||B) Heliocentric theory||| |C) Nebular hypothesis||D) Plate Tectonics theory||| 2 21)|The ________ is not a part of the Earth’s physical environment.||21)| |A) solid Earth|B) atmosphere|C) hydrosphere|D) astrosphere|| 22)|________ is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.|22)| |A) Lithification|B) Metamorphism|C) Weathering|D) Subduction|| 23)|Which one of the following statements is not correct?|||23)| A) magmas crystallize to form igneous rocks B)sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks C)igneous rocks can undergo metamorphism D)metamorphic rocks may melt to magma 24)|The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ________.||24)| |A) peridotite||B) granite||| |C) basalt||D) solid iron-nickel alloy||| 25)|The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth.||25)| |A) mantle|B) outer core|C) inner core|D) crust|| 26)|The ________ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth’s interior.||26)| |A) inner core|B) lithosphere|C) outer core|D) mantle|| 27)|The ________ is the thinnest layer of the Earth.|||27)| |A) mantle|B) outer core|C) inner core|D) crust|| 28)|All of the following provide evidence or clues to the composition of Earth’s interior except for|28)| |________.||||| A) slivers of crustal and mantle rocks now exposed at Earth’s surface B)diamond-bearing rocks C)comets D)meteorites 29)|The relatively stable interior portion of a continent is known as a ________.|29)| |A) shield|B) craton|C) belt|D) platform| 30)|Active mountain belts are most likely to be found ________.|30)| A) along only the eastern margins of continents B)scattered throughout continents C)along the margins of continents D)in the interior regions of continents 31) The continental shelf is located ________.|31)| A) between the continental rise and the abyssal plains B)landward of the continental slope C)between the continental slope and continental rise D)seaward of the continental slope 32) The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ________.|32)| A) deep-ocean trenches|B) seamounts|| C) oceanic ridges|D) lava plateaus|| 3 33) In sedimentary rocks, lithification includes ________.33) A) crystallization and coolingB) cementation and weathering C) compaction and cementationD) compaction and transportation SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. 34) a. hypothesis|b. theory|c. fact|d. observation|34)| 35) a. hydrosphere|b. biosphere|c. atmosphere|d. solid Earth|35)| 36) a. protosun|b. Oort cloud|c. protoplanets|d. meteorites|36)| 37) a. crust|b. mantle|c. lithosphere|d. core|37)| 38) a. mountain belt|b. shield|c. craton|d. stable platform|38)| 39) a. abyssal plain|b. seamount|c. oceanic ridge|d. continental slope|39)| 40) a. pressure|b. foliation|c. hydrothermal fluids|d. melting|40)| TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false. 41)|Aristotle and other prominent Greek philosophers were the first ones to promote the doctrine of|41)| |uniformitarianism. F|| 42)|Internally, the Earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities. T|42)| 43)|The asthenosphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosphere. F|43)| 44)|The doctrine of uniformitarianism implies that the current forces and processes shaping the Earth|44)| |have been operating for a very long time. T|| 45)|The law of superposition applies primarily to sedimentary rocks and lava flows. T|45)| 46)|The currently accepted age of Earth is approximately 4.5 million years. F|46)| 47)|A scientific theory is a tentative or untested explanation that is proposed to explain scientific|47)| |observations. F|| 48)|Oceans cover slightly less than half of the Earth’s surface. F|48)| 49)|In an open system both energy and matter flow into and out of the system. T|49)| 50)|According to the nebular hypothesis, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating cloud|50)| |of gases and dust about 5 billion years ago. F|| 4 51)The lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere are all layers of Earth defined by their composition. T 52)Much of our modeling of Earth’s interior comes from the study of seismic or earthquake waves. T 53)Continental shields and stable platforms are part of the interior region known as a craton. T 54)According to the rock cycle, any type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) may be transformed into another type of rock, given enough time. T 55)Igneous rocks are produced largely by the deposition and consolidation of surface materials like sand and mud. F SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 56)|List the two, broad, traditional subject areas of geologic study. Physical, Historical|56)| 57)|The statement â€Å"the present is the key to the past,† describes what basic geologic concept or|57)| |doctrine? Uniformitarianism|| 58)|The ________ states that fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and|58)| |determinable order. Principle of fossil succession|| 59)|In natural systems, mechanisms that drive or enhance change are called†¦Positive feedback|59)| 60)|The thin, outer layer of Earth, from 7 to 40 km in thickness, is called the Crust|60)| 61)|The ________ is the relatively rigid zone above the asthenosphere that includes the crust|61)| |and upper mantle. Lithosphere|| 62)|The ________ is the solid, rocky shell between the crust and outer core. Mantle|62)| 63)|The convective flow of liquid, metallic iron in the ________ is thought to generate Earth’s|63)| |magnetic field. Outer core|| 64)|Moving from the shoreline towards the deep-ocean basin, the continental margin may|64)| |include the continental shelf________, _slope_______, and the ___rise_____.|| 65)|What type of rock comprises most of the exposed surface of Earth (roughly 75%)?Sedimentary| 65)|    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 66) Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?|66)| A)a mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern B)a rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles C)in a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains D)a rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks 67)|Which of the following is not a fundamental particle found in atoms?||67)| |A) neutron|B) protons|C) electron|D) selectron|| 68)|Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________.|68)| |A) electrons in the valence bond level|B) electrons in the nucleus|| |C) protons in the nucleus||D) neutrons in the outer nuclear shell|| 69)|Which of the following is an accurate description of ionic bonding?||69)| A)nuclei of bonding atoms exchange electrons; the resulting ions are bonded together by the attractive forces between the negative and positive nucleons B)atoms of different elements, having gained or lost electrons, form negative and positive ions that are bonded together by attractive forces between ions with opposite charges C)atoms of two different elements share electrons and protons; the resulting compound is bonded together by the strong, binding energy of shared protons D)nuclei of two different atoms share electrons, and the resulting compound is tightly bonded by the very strong, induced, electronuclear bonds 70) Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element?|70)| A) the atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons B)the atoms have different numbers of electrons but the same number of neutrons C)the atoms have the same number of electrons and different numbers of protons D)the atoms have different numbers of protons and the same number of neutrons 71)|What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?||71)| |A) muscovite|B) silicate|C) diamond|D) native gold|| 72)|Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible|72)| |bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?|||| |A) calcite|B) dolomite|C) quartz|D) plagioclase|| 73)|Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide (Si02)?|||73)| |A) diamond|B) quartz|C) olivine|D) calcite|| 74)|Which of the following minerals is a silicate?|||74)| |A) calcite|B) halite|C) hematite|D) muscovite|| 6 75)|A cubic centimeter of quartz, olivine, and gold weigh 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams respectively. This|75)| |indicates that ________.||||| |A) gold is 6 to 7 times harder than olivine and quartz||| |B) gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine||| |C) olivine and quartz powders are harder than metallic gold||| |D) gold and olivine are silicates, quartz is elemental silicon||| 76)|Which one of the following is a sodium and calcium feldspar with twinning striations?|76)| |A) microcline|B) orthoclase|C) plagioclase|D) sanidine|| 77)|Which of the following minerals is a ferromagnesian silicate?||77)| |A) muscovite|B) quartz|C) hornblende|D) orthoclase|| 78)|Which of the following minerals is in the mineral group known as mica?||78)| |A) augite|B) muscovite|C) olivine|D) orthoclase|| 79)|Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates?||79)| A) they contain magnetite and ferroite and they are clear to light green B)they are mostly clear, colorless, and rich in the elements magnesium and ferrium C)they are black to dark-green, silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium D)they contain iron and magnetite, are black in color, and they have metallic lusters 80)|Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?|80)| |A) clays|B) feldspars|C) carbonates|D) pyroxenes|| 81)|Which one of the following is a typical product of weathering?||81)| |A) clays||B) feldspars||| |C) micasmicas||D) ferromagnesians||| 82)|The ion at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by ________.||82)| |A) 4 oxygen ions|B) 4 sodium ions|C) 6 oxygen ions|D) 6 sodium ions|| 83)|Which one of the following describes a mineral’s response to mechanical impact?|83)| |A) crystal form|B) luster|C) streak|D) cleavage|| 84)|Chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite are different mineralogical forms of what industrial|84)| |commodity?||||| |A) Portland cement||B) gemstones||| |C) asbestos||D) metallic sulfide ores||| 85)|Which of the following diseases has been linked directly to prolonged inhalation of asbestos dust?|85)| |A) diabetes||B) lung cancer||| |C) glaucoma||D) muscular dystrophy||| 86)|Which of the following is the unit of weight used for measuring diamonds (about 0.2 grams)?|86)| |A) carat|B) Troy ounce|C) kilo|D) point|| 87)|Which of the following denotes the purity of gold used in jewelry?||87)| |A) carette|B) carlot|C) carnot|D) karat|| 7 88)|Ruby and sapphire are red and blue forms of the mineral ________.||88)| |A) diamond|B) corundum|C) emerald|D) turquoise|| 89)|All silicate minerals contain which two elements?|||89)| |A) iron, silicon|B) silicon, oxygen|C) oxygen, carbon|D) silicon, sodium|| 90)|Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions?||90)| |A) halite|B) diamond|C) talc|D) olivine|| 91)|What element is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust by weight?||91)| |A) chlorine|B) carbon|C) oxygen|D) sodium|| 92)|The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as|92)| |________.||||| |A) cracking luster|B) cleavage|C) crystal form|D) streak|| 93)|What in the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical reaction?|93)| |A) isotope|B) ion|C) molecule|D) nucleon|| 94)|An atom’s mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus?|94)| |A) 13|B) 7|C) 6|D) 19|| 95)|Which one of the following is not true for minerals?|||95)| A) they have a specific, predictable chemical composition B)they have a specific, internal, crystalline structure C)they can be a liquid, solid, or glass D)they can be identified by characteristic physical properties 96)|In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms?|96)| |A) isotopic|B) subatomic|C) covalent|D) ionic|| 97)|How do the electrons behave in a mineral with metallic bonding?||97)| A) they are tightly bound to certain atoms and cannot readily move B)they move to adjacent negative ions, forming positive ions C)they react with protons to make neutrons in the outer valence shells D)they can move relatively easily from atom to atom inside the mineral 98)|Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?|98)| |A) chlorides|B) silicates|C) carbonates|D) sulfides| 99)|Which the following denotes the massive, positively charged, nuclear particles?|99)| |A) neutrons|B) protons|C) isotrons|D) electrons| 100)|What are the lightest or least massive of the basic atomic particles?|100)| |A) electrons|B) uranium nuclei|C) protons|D) neutrons| 101)|Which of the following has the highest specific gravity?|101)| |A) gold|B) quartz|C) wood|D) water| 8 102)|Which of the following will react readily with acids such as hydrochloric?||102)| |A) calcite|B) diamond|C) talc|D) quartz|| 103)|Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral?|103)| |A) fluorescence||B) virtual absorption||| |C) color streak||D) luster||| 104)|What is the name of dark-colored mica?|||104)| |A) biotite|B) quartz|C) calcite|D) olivine|| 105)|Hornblende and the other amphiboles have what type of silicate structure?||105)| |A) sheet||B) double chains||| |C) 3-D framework||D) metallic||| SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. 106) a. electron|b. atom|c. proton|d. neutron|106)| 107) a. hardness|b. streak|c. luster|d. cleavage|107)| 108) a. quartz|b. olivine|c. feldspar|d. calcite|108)| 109) a. olivine|b. quartz|c. amphibole|d. pyroxene|109)| 110) a. galena|b. calcite|c. gypsum|d. halite|110)| TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false. 111)Calcite and dolomite are both carbonate minerals. T 112)Graphite and diamond have the same chemical compositions and different crystalline structures. T 113)Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals. T 114)Mineral luster is broadly classified as either being metallic or opaque. F 115)Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons. T 116)Rock-forming silicate minerals have higher specific gravities than water. T 117)In a silicon-oxygen structural unit, silicon atoms occupy corners of a tetrahedron. F 118)Calcite and halite react with dilute acids to evolve carbon dioxide. F 119)All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. F 120)Orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars have quite different forms of cleavage. F 121)Diamond and quartz are both minerals composed of a single element. F 122)The micas, biotite and muscovite, both exhibit one direction of cleavage. T 123)Nonmetallic minerals like quartz and gypsum have no industrial uses. F 124)Ferromagnesian silicate minerals contain some magnesium and/or iron. T 125)Positive ions are atoms that have gained electrons during a chemical reaction. F 126)Isotopes of the same element have the same mass number. F SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 127)|Moh’s hardness scale is a relative measure of which physical property of minerals? Hardness|127)| 128)|What physical property denotes the color of a powdered mineral? Streak|128)| 129)|The physical property denoting a mineral’s tendency to crack along parallel, planar|129)| |surfaces is known as what? Cleavage|| 130)|What is the hardest mineral known? Diamond|130)| 131)|What is the chemical composition of graphite and diamond? Carbon|131)| 132)|In atoms, which electrons are involved in chemical bonding? The valence electrons/outer shell|132)| 133)|A compound is a stable chemical substance composed of two or more what? Elements|133)| 134)|What is the dominant form of chemical bonding exhibited by minerals such as native gold,|134)| |native copper and copper-rich sulfides? Metallic|| 135)|What two major characteristics differentiate minerals from natural glasses? highly viscous; cools quickly|135)| 136)|Most glasses and some minerals exhibit a type of fracture characterized by nested and|136)| |curved, crack surfaces. What term describes this property? conchoidal fracture|| 137)|Parallel, straight, linear imperfections visible on the cleavage surfaces of plagioclase|137)| |feldspar are called what? Striations|| 138)|What is the smallest particle of matter that exhibits and defines the distinctive chemical|138)| |characteristics of the individual elements? Atoms|| 139)|What ferromagnesian silicate mineral is named for its green color? Olivine|139)| 140) What mineral group forms by the breakdown and weathering of rock-forming silicate|140)| minerals and are important constituents of soils? Clay|| ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 141) Label the various parts of an atom in the diagram below. 11

Adriaen Kocks Research Paper

The Delft pottery production process starts with the sourcing of white clay that is imported from Germany. The clay is then mixed with water to form liquid clay. Afterwards, the liquid is poured into moulds made from plaster of Paris. The plaster absorbs the water and makes the clay to dry quickly.After the liquid clay is poured into the mould, it takes around thirty minutes to solidify around the mould. The excess liquid is then poured out. Consequently, the moulds are turned upside-down to remove the remaining liquid. The mould is afterwards removed from the pottery after four hours.Later, the edges are trimmed with a knife and the rough surfaces are smoothened by use of a wet sponge. The pottery is then left for three days to dry completely, followed by burning in an electric kiln for eight hours at a temperature of about 1040 degrees centigrade. Consequently, the pottery is allowed to cool for 24 hours. 1 The baked ceramic articles are then painted with the appropriate decoration s.The Delft Pottery technique started way back in the 13th century when the Delft Company received its municipal rights. In the 16th century, many delft factories were established in many Dutch towns. The plants produced many products including the famous â€Å"Maiolica† which was made of tin glaze decorated by being painted blue or being given polychrome design.The delft company acquired its name from a Dutch village where the articles were widely produced. Due to the civil war in China, many delft factories were closed down due to lack of raw materials. The existing language barrier also made the companies to close down.In the 19th century, the remaining companies closed due to increased competition and lack of appropriate technology. The cultural aspects and tradition of the Dutch people dictated that they paint all their articlesDuring the time when the delft pottery started, there were a lot of innovations and artistic techniques due to the discovery of the white porcela in in China. At this time, there was the civil war in China that led to the decline of the products of the delft companies.In the 17th century, the delft companies brought many exotic wares and spices from China. This action caused many artisans to make their own homemade pottery which led to the decline of the market. 2 By the 19th century, delft pottery had declined due to other European materials gaining popularity.Moreover, many Germany and other countries’ potters developed their articles which they distinguished from the original delft products by use of more advanced techniques, thus making their products more durable. The sales of the delfts thus diminished.  Some of the current artists that are producing pottery works that are related to delft pottery include â€Å"de Delftse Pauw† which exclusively sells and produces entirely hand-painted delft articles although with a different approach.Further, the British airways has made several airplane tail parts with the delft pottery technique. The delft technique is widely used in the manufacture of many products in the current world and it is an artistic method used by professionally-trained painters.In addition, many of the collections made by tourists include many of the of the delft remains. Delft pottery thus acts as an investment of the Dutch culture. Further, the delft pottery is used in the manufacture of building tiles, thus adding artistic flavor to modern technology.Works CitedKidson, Joseph R. Historical Notices of the Leeds Old Pottery. Verona NJ: Read Books, 2008.   .Reevens, George M. Sims, Ian and Cripps, J. C. Clay Materials Used In Construction. Bath, United Kingdom: Geological Society, 2006.Time Out. Time Out Amsterdam. Time Out Guides, 2005.

Top SAT Test Day Tips

Top SAT Test Day Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For many students, the SAT represents the most nerve-racking day of their young lives. Fortunately, this short list of tips covers everything you’ll need to do to get in and out and score your highest. Some readers may be excited to know, however, that once test day is over, you pretty much never think about it again. So the goal is to get in and out with as little stress as possible, in order to give your brain the chance to work its magic on those little bubbles. Bring These Things...Or Else! In order to get into your seat, you’ll need your Admission Ticket (printable from the College Board website once you register and pay) and a photo ID. In order to take the test, you’ll need to bring your own #2 pencils and an SAT-approved calculator. Be on Time or a Little Early (But Only a Little) The test starts at 8 a.m., so be there at 8 a.m. or a bit earlier. If the test center is your high school and you go there every day, you know exactly how long it’s going to take to get there and when to set your alarm. If you’ve never been to the test center, you might want to give yourself a 15-minute cushion on top of your estimate of the travel time. Here in Boston and other high-traffic places, depending on how far you have to go, you might want an even larger cushion. You don’t want to be late, of course, but if you get there at 8:05, they’ll probably let you take the test. Being an hour early, on the other hand, cuts into your extremely valuable sleep time- and can result in you sitting in the car for 45 minutes working yourself into a nervous frenzy. Keep Yourself Comfortable Each person has his or her own little things that create individual comfort. Some students can’t think straight if they’re hungry, while others might not be able to concentrate if their underwear doesn’t fit right or their socks are itchy. You know what makes you comfortable (and uncomfortable), so plan ahead! Some things that typically affect students’ test-taking comfort are: Height and size of desk: you may have no choice in the matter, but if there are more than one kind of desk in the room, try to grab one that looks the most comfortable for you. Keep in mind that some desk-and-chair combinations are for left-handed people, with support for your writing arm only on the left. Righties, beware! Clothes: you probably already know to dress in layers to be able to adjust to the temperature in the room. But you might not be thinking about other things: how those boots you like so much hurt your feet when you’re sitting down for too long, for instance, or how your jeans fit when you’re hunched over a desk. It’s not fun for anyone to sit in one place for four hours, much less in the wrong clothes. Don’t bother trying to look cute if it compromises your comfort. In five years, when you’re graduating from college on the Dean’s List with a great job waiting for you, nobody’s going to know or care what you wore to the SAT. Time: Some of us really, really like to know what time it is during tests. There will most likely be a working clock in the room where you’re testing, but it never hurts to have a backup. If you like to keep an eye on the time, bring a watch (phones aren’t allowed to be turned on). Food Water: You get two breaks during the test, and most people use this to get a snack. Your brain uses about 20% of the energy your body creates, so it’s important to make sure that energy keeps flowing through the whole test. Especially if you’ve been drinking coffee, make sure to get a little water during the break. The only thing not to do, besides starve, is bring a snack made entirely of sugar and refined carbohydrates (say, a doughnut or a chocolate chip muffin) because the energy those provide is short-term, followed by a crash. If you eat some protein or complex carbohydrates in your snack, you’re much more likely to get sustained, consistent energy for the whole test. Most Importantly: Trust Yourself The nature of a huge test like the SAT is that it makes you nervous, unsure of yourself, and inevitably worried about failure. But excessive worrying is counterproductive- it makes your reasoning shaky and messes with the calm that is crucial to acing the SAT. The best way to avoid excessive worry on test day? Prepare thoroughly and trust yourself. If you’re interested, check out our article on Mindfulness and the SAT. The human mind is an amazing, powerful tool, and you’ve got your very own brain with only 16 or 17 years on it. Train it to jump through the SAT hoops with solid SAT prep (PrepScholar, for example), and on test day just relax and let it do its thing. If you’re interested, below are some resources that elaborate on this post, and to keep up with our blog, hit us with your email address at right- we’d love to have you.

Handling Discipline in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Handling Discipline in Organizations - Essay Example Moreover, it is always best to follow the best practices which will play a fundamental role at inculcating the correct spirit within the employees, tell them what exactly is asked of them and what they need to deliver within the specified time periods. The best practice in handling disciplinary matters within organizations is derived from the basis of following the dictum which is followed within the organization as well as the industries which are very closely related with this organization in essence. What this means is that the similar organizations adopt procedures and standards which are enforceable and which have a long-term shelf value. In other words, there is a sense of forthrightness within the organizations when these work hand in hand with the policy debates that are making the relevant rounds. The best practice regimes indeed form the cornerstone of success and achievement within the realms of an organization that is aimed at delivering the best possible value to its employees and asking for strict promulgation of the same from their domains as well. This indeed is a two-way hierarchy where each party benefits the other, and the combined effect is a wholesome basis which comes directly under the aegis of discipline. These best practice discussions are in accordance with the labor laws which are existent within the world. However, there are local connotations attached to these practices as and when these move from one industry to another. Handling discipline is one of the most significant premises in the modern times because it touches quite a few significant tangents, one such being the manner in which the organizations are playing their due role in instilling promulgation of its laws, rules, and policies – all of which are in line with the best practice regimes followed worldwide. Then there is the discussion of the ACAS – Code of Practice on Discipline which makes sure that any apprehensions which exist within the realms of discipline are taken care of under its aegis.

Evolution of video gaming and computer networking Research Paper

Evolution of video gaming and computer networking - Research Paper Example This happened because terminals were able to connect to their host computers through a leased telephone line or dial up. Due to the increased remote access, scientists created â€Å"host based† games wherein users connected to a central computer through a remote system played singly. Soon after, there came multiplayer games. In 1967, a Sanders Associate by the name Ralph Baer put into writing the first video game called â€Å"Chase† that played on a television set (Allen & Denton, 2010). As time went by, computer-networking technology started maturing as in the 1970s, there were introductions of packet based computer technology. As such, in 1971, Nolan Bushnell in association with Ted Danby came up with the first arcade game, which was a Computer Space game and based on Space War earlier created by Steve Russell. A year later, (1972) Nolan Bushnell and his associate completed the creation of the arcade game Pong with the support of Al Alcorn and started the Atari Comput ers the same year (Jason, 2004). The first operators of the arcade included Larry Kerecman. In his memoirs, Larry wrote that, the brilliance and the most astonishing fact about the arcade game was that Nolan and the Company took what Russell programmed in his game Space War and transformed it into a much simpler version of the game without gravity by use of hard-wired logic circuits (Wallace, 2007). Ideally, the circuits printed on the boards of these games composed of electronics that used integrated circuits commonly referred to as â€Å"small scale integrated circuits†. Creation of Ethernet Years between 1973 and 1975 witnessed, the creation of Xerox PARC developed on a Local Area Network that based on Ethernet hence allowed the creation of Local Area Networks founded on... Currently, there are considerable eight generations of video game consoles whereby the sixth, the seventh, and the eighth are as of today ongoing. The history of human-computer interaction has its beginnings written in the 1950s. In the year 1952, S. Douglas acquired his PhD degree at the Cambridge University and wrote a book on Human-Computer interaction. The first version of graphical computer game that Douglas created was the Tic Tack Toe. He programmed the game on an EDSAC vacuum tube computer that contained a cathode ray tube display. In the midst of 1980s, video games evolution bred systemic characteristics, which led to the release of video games such as Battle Zone, Bards Tale, and Zork. The 1990s was video computer’s golden age as it gave birth to a huge number of game publishers and developers such as Electronic Arts, Activism, id Software and Blizzard. From a graphics and design point of imaging, the evolution of video games was great and continues to be greater. Today there is up to the eight generation of video games and computer networking. The latest generations of consoles has seen online gaming rise to prominence with the introduction of mobile games that made it possible for gamers to access video games anywhere anytime just by touching a button. As the motion control revolutionized game play, Nintendo capitalized on casual gaming and as time went by, cloud computing came to video gaming. Technology made it clear that people could play without controllers on November 4 2010 with the release of Kinect in the Northern America. After the release of play station Vita, Nintendo released an official statement that announced a system aimed at succeeding Wii called project cafà ©.

Global Warming Illustration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Warming Illustration - Essay Example People should also embark on afforestation activities to increase forest and vegetation cover and further invest in eco-friendly products. Global warming and its effects may be reduced by adopting environmental friendly farming methods, energy conservation techniques and engaging in other activities that reduces emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming has affected every nation and village making it a concern to every kind of humanity despite of other distinguishing factors such as race, ethnicity, age, sex, and religion. The impact of climatic changes negatively affects the ecosystem. The effects of climatic change have led to death, malnutrition, droughts and are costly in most countries. The issue of global warming is serious and some experts and scientists say that the climatic change is still going to be a major issue as people can do very less to stop its impact but every individual can at least do something to control the climatic changes. Everybody should be responsible enough to control factors that contribute to global warming. Global warming has altered the climatic patterns in various parts of the world thus making people see nature differently. For instance, the water levels have gone down, cases of Katarina have gone so high, and rainfall is not falling most of the times as it used to in other previous days. Additionally, the vegetation cover is no longer the same the way it used to be in the past and animals have not been able to get food that can satisfy them because of lack of rainfall. Experts predict that in the coming days, the strength of global warming shall have gone so high and that there will be more heat waves and fires combined with severe droughts. Moreover, the experts argue that even a small change in temperature can make a very big difference in people’s life. Experts also say that oceans

English is good for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English is good for me - Essay Example Academic writing incorporates a more complicated language compared to other forms of writing. For this reason, students through introductory courses, learn how to carry out research and use well-constructed arguments in expressing their ideas. Furthermore, academic writing requires relatively high grammatical proficiency, and which however, should not lead to failure by the student to concentrate on the content of the article (Koll, 2012). Regardless of how proficient the level of grammar used is, if the content does not meet the required standards, a student can still obtain very low marks, and hence the two must be given equal attention. Secondly, an English Introductory class usually has comparatively less number of students. This is to allow for a learning environment with quality supportive community for better results. Teachers of such courses employ such learning approaches as peer editing of work, group work and writing workshops that help build a functional community in which skills can be interchanged and hence learning becomes faster and easier. Peer editing and group work help foster learning, as students find it easier it interact with fellow students more than with their teacher. Through this, they are able to challenge themselves, learn from each other, and even approach their teacher as a group with problems that none could find a solution to, thus passing the obstacle of fear of expression typical of many college entrants. Taking an Introductory English Course also improves study skills among students. Since such course are usually the first classes new college students attend, they are tailored to help with not only writing skills, but also with other areas key to academic success such as good scheduling, organization and coordination. Scheduling and organizing work always present a great challenge to new college students. The hype of being in college, need to

Naturalistic Movement Within Theatre Theatre Essay

Naturalistic Movement Within Theatre Theatre Essay After reading and researching into Raymond Williams quotation, this essay will produce the main outlines of the naturalistic movement within Theatre and how important it is in modern day society. The main outlines discussed in this essay are the social and technological change after the Restoration period, what is the content of naturalistic plays, the audiences response to naturalism and its future development and dominance within society today. At the end of the nineteenth centaury, naturalism became a revolt against previous conventions of theatre, and it strived to destroy everything the world thought was true; naturalism was the revolution of man. However, prior to this was both the Renaissance and Restoration periods; these both had a considerable impact on theatre. This essay will argue that without these generations of theatre, Naturalism could not of developed. The Renaissance period held Elizabethan Theatre, which composed of the most famous playwright even today, William Shakespeare however considered to being Shakespeares superior was Christopher Marlowe who was another successful playwright within the sixteenth centaury. The early plays of this period were performed almost anywhere, mainly courtyards and Inns. During the end of the sixteenth century, performances eventually advanced into being presented in established Theatres, as we know them today; the most famous of these early buildings being the Globe: This entailed daytime performances without lights or a stage curtain and very few, if any, props, thought the actors were dressed in rich costumes. There were no scene changes in the modern sense and the action moved fluidly from one scene to the next without an apparent break. (The Routledge history of literature in English: Britain and Ireland, 2001, p67) This contrasts competently to the major outlines of the naturalism movement, without the technological change of lighting through the nineteenth century naturalistic theatre would not have been possible to convey on stage. Before gas lighting and the limelight, the only light used with indoor theatres was candlelight, however many performances were presented outdoors in the daylight. Using only candlelight indoors would make it impossible to portray naturalism on stage. Another clear difference to where theatrical naturalism progressed from Renaissance theatre is through scenery and props. The Elizabethans used as little props as possible and relied on backdrops to convey a sense of place, however naturalistic theatre moved from backdrops to three-dimensional scenery and highlighted props as being highly important to make the space look real and lived in: August Strindberg, in his preface to Miss Julie, complained of canvas walls that shook when doors were slammed, and painted pots and pans on the walls instead of real ones. (The Cambridge guide to Theatre, 1995, p1096) Thus suggesting that when the curtains opened to these detailed naturalistic sets Strindberg wanted a reaction to occur from the middle class audience as it reflects their homes; the use of canvas within naturalistic performances wouldnt have given the audience anything to relate to. Another major contribution to the movement of Naturalism is the role of women. During the Renaissance period, it was unheard of for a woman to perform professionally on stage alongside men; young adolescent men would perform womens roles. Conversely, during the late seventeenth century, the beginning of the Restoration Period, Women began to act professionally in Theatres; without women performing on stage, naturalism could not have taken place. Another contrast before naturalism, is the restorations Pantomimes and Melodramas, these two genres are both established by stereotypical characters with exaggerated emotions. Pantomimes were hugely associated with cross-dressing and stock characters, singing songs and breaking down the fourth wall by talking to the audience. Melodramas were publicly taken more seriously although they to included stock characters and songs; naturalism advances away from these exaggerated performances and developed characters on stage. Characters were becoming more naturalistic, psychologically complex and were people the middle class audience could relate. However, it was not only the transition through the Renaissance and Restoration period creating Naturalism, but the influence of science and scientists: Its origin owes much to Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution, based in turn on his theory of natural selection. Darwin created context that made naturalism with its emphasis upon theories of heredity and environment a convincing way to explain the nature of reality for the late nineteenth century. (The Cambridge companion to American realism and naturalism: Howells to London, 1995, P47) Science explains human behaviour and this is why Darwins evolutionary theories are a big influence on Naturalism; his theories determine someones character through social environment and heredity. Sigmund Freud was also another influence of Naturalism; his studies excogitate human psychological behaviour and how humans function. Karl Marx also had an input to the movement; his studies were the economical and industrial analysis on society. Without these theories characters could not have developed in Naturalistic plays being written as well as performed. Naturalism became an atheistic revolt against previous theatre conventions; plays and performances contrasted from Renaissance and Restoration where they were solely devout, to being irreligious in the late nineteenth century. Naturalism sought to abolish what society believed and changed the revolution of man, society and morals. The four acknowledged playwrights who determined and developed theatrical naturalism are Henrik Isben, Anton Chekhov, August Strindberg and Emile Zola (Who was also a well established novelist in naturalistic literacy). Constantin Stanislavski helped intensify and direct these plays so the audience would encounter lifelike productions on stage. These distinguished playwrights composed scripts would consist of particular attributes. The first feature of these plays this essay is going to elaborate on is the use of contemporary issues within these naturalistic pieces such as contraception, womens rights, adultery, and sexual diseases, the key issue however is female identity within society. One clear example of this feature exists in Strindbergs preface to Miss Julie where he outlines his ideas for his play: The passionate character of her mother; the upbringing misguidedly inflicted on her by her father; her own character; and the suggestive effect of her fiancà © upon her weak and degenerated brain. (Miss Julie, 2006, Preface Ixxxix) The main theme of this play is the degeneration of women, and throughout the play, we see the different beliefs Miss Julies parents brought upon her upbringing and how they have torn her apart to being psychologically distracted. Her mother who was a highly obsessive feminist believing in equality between men and women and opposingly her father who brought her upon his own beliefs that women and men are not equal, that women are lower than men. Through the influence of Sigmund Freud and Darwin, Strindberg had a high interest in human psychology and evolutionary history; the scientific research on humans is another clear feature within naturalistic plays. Two relevant psychological paths are relevant to Miss Julie that are relevant to when Strindberg wrote this play, hysteria and feminine masochism. Women throughout this movement were being represented in a much different manner than during Restoration period; women became considered as sexually assertive and independent. Miss Julie i s clearly both sexually assertive and independent to a certain extent but she is psychologically preoccupied. With this, it is apparent to say that all naturalistic pieces of theatre include psychologically complex characters, which the actors themselves are required to understand. The actors performing naturalistic plays would have researched through subtext and the text to find out who their characters are and how they can run the character through their own emotions. Stanislavski had an acknowledged impact of directing the actors through the Stanislavski system whilst producing naturalistic plays: While he himself was often at pains to demonstrate that his system was not limited to naturalistic plays, Stanislavskis theory and practice clearly articulated a response to the development of naturalism as a major movement in Western drama. (The purpose of playing: modern acting theories in perspective, 2006, p37) Gordon expresses that Stanislavskis theories linked and worked better with naturalism, and through his methods, he helped to influence the naturalism movement. Another feature of naturalistic theatre is the detail of sets, each of the playwrights set out to mirroring the bourgeoisie audience; as noted earlier on in the essay, the sets were to be three-dimensional without the use of painted backcloths. The directions for how the set is to be on each scene is outlined with as much detail as possible within the scripts: A large kitchen, the roof and side walls of which are concealed by drapes and borders. The rear wall rises at an angle from the left; on it, to the left are two shelves with utensils of copper, iron and pewter. (Miss Julie, 2006, p3) It is clear to see from the beginning of a very long detailed extract on the stage setting that everything has to be as it is written in the script. Strindberg would not have written such detailed descriptions of the scenery if he had no reason, and his reason was to represent and mirror the middle class audiences homes. He directly points to which materials should be used and how things are arranged on the stage; these props are meant to be there to make the life on stage as real as possible creating a tangible presence for the audience to watch. The bourgeoisie audience were middle or merchant class people known for their ownership of capital and related culture; they benefited out of capitalism. Naturalistic plays sought to mirror the bourgeoisies lives and homes on stage; capitalism became scrutinized. These audiences contrasted highly to the classical audiences of the Renaissance and Restoration theatre, the audiences became silent, as conventionally they would be today; there was no more booing and hissing within the audiences. Another attribute to the social classes within theatrical naturalism was the lower working class and social outcasts becoming the protagonists thus moving away from the aristocrat protagonists of classical drama. This can be argued in Miss Julie, as there are two protagonists both from different social backgrounds, the two being Miss Julie who is an aristocrat and Jean who is a lower class servant; despite their social status, they are both outcasts. When it comes to morality Jean is Julies superi or as he is a man and she is a degenerated woman. There is also a clear theme of family life; there was more emphasis on family than the wider society and characters were individualised and shown in their social and economical contexts. Miss Julie again clearly represents those naturalistic attributes and themes: There have been many family tragedies, and Julie is the Counts only heir; the family name will die with her. (Strindberg and the poetry of myth, 1982, p71) This suggests that there is no males in this play that control family life, and the familys fate is down to Julie. From this also arises the theme of female identity in society once again, and dramatises the deterioration of men as a dominating figure of society as well as their authority in the home. There have been playwrights and practitioners who have criticized naturalism, one of the most famous being Bertolt Brecht who has formed the practice of epic theatre. He disagreed with the illusion of reality on stage and he disliked Stanislavskis practices of staying close to the characters on stage in order to represent real life, and through his own theory, he believed in distancing the actor from the character using the verfremdungseffekt. Even in todays society, naturalism throughout the arts is still used vastly. Playwrights are still producing naturalistic performances, for stage, film and television. Raymond Williams quotation explores the main outlines of naturalism and through researching this I have discovered that before the naturalism movement there was minimal or no attempt to show a sense of place on stage or any development of character; Naturalism sought to explore what was real, real characters, real homes, real life.

The Causes of Substance Abuse Essay -- Drug Addiction Essays

Substance abuse is an issue that has disseminated in the society and is often regarded as the relic of a thoughtless materialism. A false belief regarding addicted individuals seems to be ingrained in the minds of the majority of the population (Sadava, 1987). This belief is very often accompanied by appalling mental images of addicts and a highly judgmental attitude (Sadava, 1987). As a result, the causes of addiction are still wrapped in obscurity. This paper aims to outline the most basic reasons that lead to substance abuse and dependency, from the early developmental stage until late adolescence. First of all, when a child-bearing woman is using drugs, the substances are being transferred to the foetus through the umbilical cord (Bashmore, Ketchum, Staisch, Barrett, & Zimmermann, 1981). As a consequence, the foetus experiences the same physical symptoms as its mother, such as blood intoxication and spasms (Bashmore et al, 1981; Kreek, Nielsen, Butelmann, & LaForge, 2005). Substance abuse during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion, heart defects and low birth weight (Bashmore et al., 1981), as well as behavioral problems and addiction proneness for the offspring (Bashmore et al., 1981; JÃ ªdrzejczak, 2005). More specifically, substance abuse during pregnancy can elicit a series of chemical reactions in the developing brain of the foetus (Kreek et al., 2005). As a result, in the future life of the offspring, an environmental or a psychological stimulus may be enough to lead to substance abuse (Kreek et al., 2005). The experiences an individual has during his or her childhood are considered equally important prognosticators for using drugs. Witnessing a parent or a caretaker abusing substances is considered as an ... ...r and public policy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Sihvola, E., Rose, R. J., Dick, D. M., Pulkkinen, L., Marttunen, M., & Kaprio, J. (2008). Early onset depressive disorders predict the use of addictive substances in adolescence: A prospective study of adolescent Finnish twins. Addiction, 103(12), 2045-2053. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02363.x Spooner, C. (1999). Causes and correlates of adolescent drug abuse and implications for treatment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 18(4), 453-475. doi:10.1080/09595239996329 van Dalen, A. (2001). Juvenile violence and addiction: Tangled roots in childhood trauma. Journal of Social Work Practice in The Addictions, 1(1), 25-40. doi:10.1300/J160v01n01_04 Zimić, J., & Jukić, V. (2012). Familial risk factors favoring drug addiction onset. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(2), 173-185. doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.685408

Advocacy Campaign for Child Welfare

CHAPTER ONE SITUATION ANALYIS To be able to come up with a good child welfare advocacy, the group assessed the external and internal situation. This chapter evaluates the situations and trends in a particular advocacy. It provides the information needed for planning. Background of Child Welfare Child welfare is a government- run service for protecting children and young people who are underage which are still vulnerable to abuses like commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labor, and harmful traditional practice.It is estimated that in our country, about 100,000 children die each year from preventable diseases, more than 2 million school age children are not studying, there were also upwards of 2 million working children and that street children number about 200,000 in 57 cities. UNICEF figures out the number of sexually prostituted children at around 60,000. There are many organizations here in the Philippines that promote child welfare that has one common goal which is to help many children, especially children who are homeless and had been abandoned by their love ones.According to Presidential Decree No. 663 dated December 10, 1974 regarding the Child and Youth Welfare Code Art. 3. Right of the Child clearly states that: All children shall be entitled to the rights herein set forth without distinction as to legitimacy or illegitimacy, sex, social status, religion, political, antecedents, and other factors. (1) Every child is endowed with the dignity and worth of a human being from the moment of his conception, as generally accepted in medical parlance, and has, therefore, the right to be born well. 2) Every child has the right to a wholesome family life that will provide him with love, care and understanding, guidance and counseling, and moral and material security. The dependent or abandoned child shall be provided with the nearest substitute for a home. (3) Every child has the right to a well-rounded development of his personality to the end th at he may become a happy, useful and active member of society. The gifted child shall be given opportunity and encouragement to develop his special talents.The emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment and competent care. The physically or mentally handicapped child shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition. (4) Every child has the right to a balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter, proper medical attention, and all the basic physical requirements of a healthy and vigorous life. 5) Every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and the strengthening of his character. (6) Every child has the right to an education commensurate with his abilities and to the development of his skills for the improvement of his capacity for service to himself and to his fellowmen. (7) Every child h as the right to full opportunities for safe and wholesome recreation and activities, individual as well as social, for the wholesome use of his leisure hours. 8) Every child has the right to protection against exploitation, improper influences,   hazards, and other conditions or circumstances prejudicial to his physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development. (9) Every child has the right to live in a community and a society that can offer him an environment free from pernicious influences and conducive to the promotion of his health and the cultivation of his desirable traits and attributes. (10) Every child has the right to the care, assistance, and protection of the State, particularly when his parents or guardians fail or are unable to rovide him with his fundamental needs for growth, development, and improvement. (11) Every child has the right to an efficient and honest government that will deepen his faith in democracy and inspire him with the morality of the const ituted authorities both in their public and private lives. (12) Every child has the right to grow up as a free individual, in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, tolerance, and universal brotherhood, and with the determination to contribute his share in the building of a better world.The Helping Juans group would like to market our advocacy and also to contribute in giving awareness to everyone about child welfare especially the parents simply because we would like to educate them regarding concerns about the welfare of each and every one’s children, meaning, we love our children and they should be provided with all the support, either physically, financially, emotionally, spiritually, and morally.Every child has their own rights and every one of them need to be treated in a right way. But the child welfare in the Philippines is not given that much attention because the kind of governance we have now is corrupt and cannot be dependable all the times because of countless pr oblems that our country is facing and it is sad to say that number of street children are increasing.But if our government will just make up for all their mistakes and give more attention to our real problems especially the lack of funds on every department including DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development), it would be a great relief to everybody especially those children who are in an orphan who had been abandoned and just relying to their orphanage. CHAPTER TWO ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN Christmas for Little Juans is an advocacy campaign introduced by Helping Juans, a group composed of nine members from MA101.We made this group for us to help abandoned children even with just simple things, like feeding them, giving them gifts and showing them love especially to this kind of season. These children are often working in very difficult circumstances without enough food to eat and decent place to sleep. The street is their only home. Our advocacy campaign is to raise awareness abou t these children. We want them to be recognized and at the same time to be cared and sheltered. It is our organization's ultimate goal in raising awareness about these kids and also in gathering support for the welfare and benefit of street children in Manila.We are volunteer based and believe that the money our donors give should be used wisely and efficiently as possible. The target participants for our advocacy campaign were the Asia Pacific College community particularly the students of APC. But that doesn’t mean that the campaign is limited only to these people, but instead, they are just mainly the market. APCians, together with the faculty and staff, were encouraged to join to help the group gain funds for their advocacy campaign and help their beneficiary foundation.These participants didn’t regret helping the campaign but instead touched their hearts and realized how important helping the needy people is. The group did not just help others but also helped them selves because by helping other people to the best of their ability, they automatically helped themselves. Helping Juans believed that it is their group’s as well as the entire mankind's obligation to make sure these kids get proper place to live, proper education and proper treatment, so that they can appreciate their lives and look towards the brighter side and maybe, someday they can also make an impact in this world.CHAPTER THREE PARTNER ORGANIZATION The My Father’s House (MFH) is a licensed, nonprofit child caring organization serving the abandoned, neglected and orphaned children. This organization aims to introduce each child to Jesus Christ with the hope that they come to know Him as Lord and Saviour of their lives through the promotion of discipline and obedience under God’s love and principle, provide programs and services to develop self sufficiency and independency, place children in loving stable Christian homes for their protection and security, an d implement holistic programs that will empower children and youth.The organization has a total of 64 students, 10 of which are youth scholar under the Independent Living Program. Others were declared abandoned and voluntarily surrendered by parents. They train these children to observe respect and politeness on their behavior and it is observed that the children have become more accepting of one another and of the authority that the adults have over them. They also implement behavior modification strategies so they would become more open to caregivers and social workers. Children are being adopted by Filipino, American, Spanish and Finnish families.They are open to people who are willing to help and give hands to the children. They prefer clothes, school supplies and food for the children. MFH is located at 135 Ramona Tirona corner Sison St. , BF East Phasi VI, Las Pinas, their location is inside the subdivision and it has a high security which they can have the assurance of the ch ildren's safety. They have places for children to sleep, eat, study and play. They have 3 bed rooms, one room for girls, one room for boys from 5-12 and another for teenagers.They have a kitchen which serves good food and they eat as a family. They have a separate building for studying and well trained teachers for them. They have court, play ground and a pool for the children to enjoy. MFH has several partners like Benny Hinn Ministries and Partners, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Inter-Country Adoption Board (ICAB), Association of Child-Caring Agencies in the Philippines (ACCAP), KRAFT Philippines, and Wide Horizons for Children, etc. CHAPTER FOUR OBJECTIVES General Objectives: To be able to raise child welfare awareness in the Asia Pacific College community effectively * To inculcate to the minds of the people the essence of child welfare * To build up empathy for these children * To let the orphans experience God’s loving touch by sharing food, gifts and clothing * To share love and care during the Christmas season CHAPTER FIVE INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIES The group planned to promote â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans† through print ads and through the use of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook.It was found to be more effective as the target market of this advocacy campaign, the Asia Pacific College community is usually inclined with these media, so the relay of the message of â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans† is effective and efficient. A. Viral Marketing Viral Marketing was executed through the use of Facebook. The group has created a fanpage, â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans,† so that they will be able to disseminate announcements and updates easily. Aside from that, it also helped them also be easy to get feedbacks from its participants. B. AdvertisingPrint advertisements were produced so that it will be posted in the bulletin boards. By doing this so, the APC community was able to be aware of that the group campaigns for. C. Public Relation The group built a good relation with their sponsor companies and because of this, these companies helped them fund the advocacy. In addition, they have also talked and discussed to some professors their advocacy campaign. In return, some professors allowed their students to attend the activities the group has prepared. D. Selling The group sold ballers to introduce the campaign to their target market.These items were sold through the micro blogging sites, Facebook and Twitter to minimize costs since selling these items in the cafeteria costs a lot because the group must pay additional expenditure for occupying a space in the caf. On the other hand, they also held a film showing at room 415. * Ballers The group saw the trend of wearing ballers in school so they have thought of selling this item for a cause. In a baller is a statement that says, â€Å"I support Child Welfare. † It was a good way of introd ucing the campaign since it spoke for what the group campaigns for.The group was able to get it for P35 each and was also able to sell it for P60, making a profit of P25 per baller. * Sponsorships The group sent letters of sponsorships to fund other activities. * Film Showing The group rented Room 415 for film showing. A person will be charged P50 for a movie as an entrance fee. But then, he/she will enjoy free unlimited snacks while watching. b. Culminating Activity * The group wanted to have a culminating activity that will not only benefit the foundation but also give their audience something in return.They’ve came up hand stamps for their culminating activity. APCians were gathered at the cafeteria to post their hand paints on a long cloth. A registration fee of P20 is charged. They got a free button pin that says, â€Å"I SUPPORT CHILD WELFARE. † It’s not only the button pins that they got, but also the extraordinary feeling of supporting a campaign. CHAPTE R SIX TIME TABLE CHAPTER SEVEN EVALUATION A. Audience Response a) Advocacy Our advocacy campaign was to inform not only students and professors but everyone to be aware of today’s children welfare.Nowadays, almost everybody is aware of the poverty of our country is experiencing and one major problem is the lack support of the society to the children on the streets. Our Advocacy targets to influence everyone to be aware of what is going on to these children. Implementing our campaign, we expound the knowledge of our audience of what our advocacy really means and how they could help. The audience responded in a manner that we did not expect. They have been aware of today’s children in our society and as part of their response, knowing that this could help the welfare; they did not hesitate to support every event we shared.They let our campaign sink in not only in their minds but also with their heart to show their care for these children. No doubt that our campaign achie ved not only its proposed objectives but we also hit the hearts of every audience who cares for the children. b) Culminating Activity The title of our culminating activity is â€Å"High-Five For A Cause†. People wondered what we meant by that, even the audio visual presentation is not enough for them. Due to our creative way of dragging their attention, they started to get curious on our booth—so they went to our area and checked things out.As we explained things to them, we received different types of expression; for some it is just a waste of time and money, but for others they appreciated our concern to the orphan. Now, P20 is not much of a pain in the pocket that is why all we have to do is invite them without too much effort. In addition to this, once they already put their handpaint on the wall they received a button pin meaning that they supported our campaign. Because of this, registration fee was actually a good deal for those who participated. Most of the rea ctions we got are either a ready to participate gesture or eager to get out of that place.As we execute our activity, we observed that people who have seen our campaign is just a waste of money and time for some, like what we have mentioned before. Moreover, some think that putting paint in their hands is a hassle on their part, thinking maybe the paint we use is hard to get rid off. However, for those who were interested, we observed that as they put their handpaintings on the wall it is more likely a fun thing to do for them knowing that something was unique and it was for a cause. B. Budget Utilization Disbursement of Funds for Christmas Party Funds from SponsorshipsFunds from Fund Raising Activities CHAPTER NINE RECOMMENDATIONS For our fund raising Film Showing we could have prepared more chips and more movies to watch. First, the information was not disseminated properly. It was two days before the showing when the group has announced the activity. So that’s why, the gro up didn’t reach their target number of viewers, and that, the participants were so little. They should have posted the print ads ahead of time so that participants were able to be aware of it. There had been a technical problem with the movie—it was skipping a scene so they had to change the movie.But good thing, the audience still liked the movie and still watched it till the end. The group could have chosen a bigger space like the auditorium but unfortunately they could not afford it. So we decided to hold our event in room 415 which was convenient to other students who have classes so they can easily go to our event after their class. But the group was happy that there are more people who participated and enjoyed their event. Lastly, the film showing could have been a success if the time was extended. Most of the people who bought tickets have classes from 12:45-2:30.It could have been better if the group extended the film up to 5pm. The advocacy campaign, â€Å"Hi -Five for a Cause. † which was held at the APC cafeteria was a success. You could see that every student who would pass by the booth would notice and  support the culminating activity. Although, we recommend that the culminating activity should have been widely spread and advertised more so that more people would be able to support. The event lacked noises to advertise the activity. The group could have put up big advertisements like posters and give away fliers earlier.Some of the supporters were not really aware on what they are doing and some of the group members can't explain them thoroughly because of more people coming to their booth but Helping Juans gave them fliers which tell what the advocacy campaign all about. But overall, the culminating activity that we organized was a success for us. CHAPTER TEN DOCUMENTATIONS Unlimited chips for film showing Registration Film viewing Hi-Five For A Cause They support Child Welfare. Almost a hundred supported our campaign. Ball ers @ P60 each